This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.īen-Porath, Y. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. In brief, these included excessive correlations between the scales and substantial heterogeneity within them, which, respectively, limited their discriminant and convergent validity. Ben-Porath ( 2012) delineates the evolution of the MMPI instruments, as well as why and how the MMPI-2-RF was constructed to address long-noted limitations of the original Clinical Scales of the inventory. 2001), which are scored on 9 Validity Scales and 42 substantive scales. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF Ben-Porath and Tellegen 2008/2011), the most recent version of the MMPI instruments, consists of 338 items from the previous version of the inventory, the MMPI-2 (Butcher et al.
